भारत मे बड़ी इलायची का प्रयोग हजारो वर्षो से होता आ रहा है। बड़ी इलायची नेपाल, भूटान, सिक्किम, आसाम और बंगाल के दलदली एवं बड़े वृक्षो की छाया दार स्थान पर पैदा होती है। इसके बीज से कपूर जैसी सुगंध आती है।
यह जिंजीबेरेसी परिवार के कुछ पौधे के सूखे संपुटिका फलो का नाम है। जिसका वानस्पतिक नाम अफ्रामोमम और अमोमम है। वर्ग भेद के अनुसार इसके अनेक वानस्पतिक नाम है। जैसे भारत में बड़ी इलायची का नाम अमोमम सबुलेटम रॉक्सबर्ग है।
विभिन्न नाम – संस्कृतः बृहादेला, बंगला, पंजाबी और हिन्दीः में बड़ी इलायची, मलयालमः मेंपेरेलम तेलुगूः पेड्डमेलकी कहते है।
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गुणधर्म – एंव उपयोग – यह ऊष्णवीर्य, अग्निवर्धक, शुधावर्धक, पाचक एंव कफपित्तनाशक है। वह रक्तपित्त, चर्मरोग, श्वांस खांसी, प्यास, वमन, विषदोष, शिरोरोग एव दन्तरोग में लाभकारी है। यह हृदय एवं यकृत के लिए हितकारी है।
Antioxident गुणो से युक्त होने के कारण यह कैसंर रोधी है। इसमे विटामिन सी, काबोहाइडे्ट, प्रोटीन, फास्फोरस और लौह आदि खनिज पाये जाते है।
पाचन संबधी दोष मे बड़ी इलायची के दानो का चूर्ण कोरी सौफ के चूर्ण के साथ मिलाकर खाने से लाभ होता है। हिचकी रोकने के लिए 3 – 4 बड़ी इलायची को छिलके सहित देशी पुदीने की पत्ती के साथ पीसकर पानी मे उबालकर पीने से लाभ होता है। यह एसीडिटी को नष्ट करता है। कोलेस्ट्ोल घटाने के लिए इसे जीरे के साथ काढ़ा बनाकर पीते है।
दमारोग मे इसके बीजो के चूर्ण को समभाग ताल मिश्री के चूर्ण के साथ देते है।
सिर दर्द मे बड़ी इलायची के तेल की मालिश की जाती है। 250ग्रा0 गाय के शीतल दूध मे लगभग 05 ग्रा0 बड़ी इलायची के दानो का चूर्ण तालमिश्री के साथ मिलाकर रात्रि मे पीने से वृ़द्धो की स्मरणशक्ति मे वृद्धि होती है।
दातो और मसूड़ो के र्दद और सूजन मे इसके बीजो को पीसकर पानी मे उबालकर कुल्ले कराये जाते है। इलायची के दानो का चूर्ण लौंग के तेल मे मिलाकर दातो और मसूड़ो पर लगाने से भी लाभ होता है।
यह रक्तपरिसंचरण ठीक करता है। यदि शरीर मे दर्द है तो इसके बीजो को चबाना चाहिए या काढ़ा पीना चाहिए।
यह पेशाब खुलकर लाता है। गुर्दे की पथरी मे इसे खरबूजे के बीज के साथ मिलाकर देते हैं।
गाय, भैस आदि पशुओ को ठण्डक लग जाने पर बड़ी इलायची का धुआं उन्हे सुघाया जाता है।
बड़ी इलायची का प्रयोग सीमित मात्रा मे ही करना चाहिए। अधिक सेवन करने से धातुक्षय होने का संकट उत्पन्न हो सकता है।
बड़ी इलाइची का रासायनिक संघटन इस प्रकार है –
औसत फल मेें 70% बीज 30% छिलका होता है । जलांश: 8.49%; वाष्पशील तेल: 2.8 आयतन भार; प्रोटीन 6.0; कुल ईथर सार: 5.31 (अवाष्पशील ईथर सार: 2.31; वाष्पशील ईथर: 3.0); कच्चा रेशा: 22.0; स्टार्च: 43.21; अल्कोहल सार: 7.02; कुल भस्म: 4.01;जल-विलय भस्म: 2.15; जल-विलेय भस्म की क्षारता: 0.90; एसिड में अविलेय भस्म: 0.42 ।
बड़ी इलायची का प्रयोग अनेक प्रकार की औषधियो एवं मसाले में किया जाता है। समूह द्वारा बड़ी इलायची के बड़े और ठोस दाने बेचे जाते है। इसके अतिरिक्त यह हमारे गरम मसाला, सब्जी मसाला, मीट मसाला, रायता मसाला, चाट मसाला, बरी आदि मे प्रयुक्त होता है।
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